• processing of software instructions by hardware

• the fetch–execute cycle

• the initiation and running of an application by the operating system

• locate and load application

• hand control to application

• start fetch–execute cycle for the application

• the existence of minimum hardware requirements to run some software

In this section we examine the interactions that take place between the hardware and software components of the system. 

We address the following questions:

• How does the hardware process software instructions?

• What occurs when an application is first initiated and run?

• What are the hardware requirements for software?

We then consider the complete computer system including hardware, software, data, procedures and personnel. Each of these elements has a significant role to play in all computer systems. 

We consider these roles, particularly in regard to the process of software design and development.