Information systems that collect, store, modify and retrieve records of transactions are transaction processing systems. - A transaction is an event that generates or modifies data that is eventually stored in an information system.
- Transaction processing systems meet record keeping and event tracking needs.
- In addition, analysing data stored in transaction processing systems may meet the information needs of end user(s). This option focuses on the information process of storing/retrieving.
- Other information processes are important in transaction processing and these are also considered.
Outcomes
a
A student:
- H1.1 applies and explains an understanding of the nature and function of information technologies to a specific practical situation
- H1.2 explains and justifies the way in which information systems relate to information processes in a specific context
- H2.1 analyses and describes a system in terms of the information processes involved
- H2.2 develops and explains solutions for an identified need which address all of the information processes
- H3.1 evaluates and discusses the effect of information systems on the individual, society and the environment
- H3.2 demonstrates and explains ethical practice in the use of information systems, technologies and processes
- H4.1 proposes and justifies ways in which information systems will meet emerging needs
- H5.1 justifies the selection and use of appropriate resources and tools to effectively develop and manage projects
- H5.2 assesses the ethical implications of selecting and using specific resources and tools, recommends and justifies the choices
- H6.1 analyses situations, identifies needs, proposes and then develops solutions
- H6.2 selects, justifies and applies methodical approaches to planning, designing or implementing solutions
- H7.1 implements and explains effective management techniques
- H7.2 uses methods to thoroughly document the development of individual and team projects.
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Students learn about:
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Students learn to:
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characteristics of transaction processing systems
- a transaction – a series of events important
to an organisation that involve a request, an acknowledgement, an action and
an outcome
- the components of a transaction processing
system, including:
- – purpose
- – data
- – information
technology
- – processes
- –
participants
- batch
transaction processing – the collection
and storage of data for processing at a scheduled time or when there is
sufficient data
- real time transaction processing – the
immediate processing of data
- the significance of data validation in
transaction processing
- the historical significance of transaction
processing as the first type of information systems
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- recognise and describe a transaction
- identify, describe and use a batch transaction
processing system
- distinguish between the storage of collected
data and the storage of processed data in a batch system
- identify, describe and use a real time
transaction processing system
- compare and contrast batch and real time
transaction processing
- analyse an existing transaction processing
system to determine its strengths and weaknesses
- design and implement procedures for validating
entered data
- assess the work routine of a clerk in a manual
transaction system to determine its suitability for automation
- identify participants, data/information and
information technology for the given types of transaction processing systems
- describe the relationships between
participants, data/information and information technology for the given types
of transaction processing systems
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types of transaction processing systems
- web-based
- non web-based
- on-line real time
- batch
·
systems that appear real time, responding as the
transactions occur, but where the actual updating is batch processed, such as
credit card transactions
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for a scenario diagrammatically represent
transaction processing using data flow diagrams
·
distinguish between the different types of
transaction processing systems
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storing and retrieving in transaction processing systems
- storage of digital data in databases and files
- retrieval of stored data to conduct further
transaction processing such as printing invoices
- systems to store paper records of transactions
- data backup and recovery, including:
- grandfather,
father, son
- off-site
storage
- secure
on-site storage
- full
and partial backups
- recovery
testing
- suitable
media
- specialised
backup software
- transaction
logs
- documenting
backup and recovery procedures
- mirroring
- rollback
- ·
updating in batch systems:
- – historical
significance
- – limitations
of batch processing
- – technology
required
- – steps
in a batch update
- – suitable
applications
- ·
updating in on-line real time systems:
- – relevance
and impact
- – technology
required
- – hardware
requirements – large secondary storage
- – software
requirements (on-line database) with user friendly interface
- – steps
in on-line real time processing
- – suitable
applications
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- store digital data in databases and other
files in such a way that it can be retrieved, modified and further processed
- implement systems to store paper transactions
- select and apply backup and recovery
procedures to protect data
- document, including diagrammatical
representations, the steps in batch processing
- document, including diagrammatical
representations, steps in real time transaction processing
- identify systems for which batch is
appropriate and is not appropriate
- distinguish between on-line real time and
batch systems
- create and use a transaction processing system
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other information processes in transaction processing
systems
·
collecting in transaction processing:
- hardware,
including:
- Automatic Teller Machines (ATM)
- barcode readers
- Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags
- collection
from forms
- screen
design for on-line data collection
- web
forms for transaction processing (real time and batch)
analysing data,
- in which output from
transaction processing is input to different types of information systems,
such as:
- – decision
support
- – management
information systems
- – data
warehousing systems (for data mining)
- – enterprise
systems
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- describe the operation of relevant hardware
and how each is used to collect data for transaction processing
- design and justify paper forms to collect data
for batch processing
- design user friendly screens for on-line data
collection
- identify existing procedures that may provide
data for transaction processing
- create user interfaces for on-line real time
and batch updating, and distinguish between them
- identify situations where data warehousing and
data mining would be an advantage
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issues related
to transaction processing systems
- changing nature of work and the effect on
participants, including:
- the
automation of jobs once performed by clerks
- shifting
of workload from clerks to members of the public
- the need for alternative procedures to deal
with transactions when the TPS is not available
- bias in data collection:
- when
establishing the system and deciding what data to collect
- when
collecting data
- the importance of data in transaction
processing, including:
- data
security
- data
integrity
- data
quality
- control in transaction processing and the
implications it has for participants in the system
- current and emerging trends in transaction processing
- data warehousing and data mining
- Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) and Online Transaction Processing (OLTP)
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- assess the impact on participants involved in
transaction processing
- identify jobs that have changed and/or jobs
that have been created as a result of transaction processing, and report on
the implications of these changes for participants in the system
- discuss alternatives for when the transaction
processing system is not available and explain why they need to be
periodically tested
- identify security, bias and accuracy problems
that could arise from the actions of participants
- recognise
the significance of data quality
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