A

A1. 

Use of white space to visually split different logical blocks of code. 

  • This greatly improves readability for future programmers.

Comments in code to explain what the code does. 

  • This makes understanding the code simpler for future maintenance programmers. 
  • Comments should also be added to indicate when and who made changes.
Indent statements within control structures to visually separate them from the control structure statements.
  • This greatly simplifies understanding of the source code as programmers can see the overall logic at a glance. 
Always using standard sequence, selection and iteration control structures. 
  • This makes the code much easier to follow and understand. 
  • If unconditional jumps and other non-standard structures are used then following the logic becomes difficult. 
  • Standard control structures allow maintenance programmers to more easily comprehend the logic.

Each subroutine should solve a single well defined problem within the larger problem. 

  • When modifying and testing a program it is much easier to comprehend the processing when a single well defined task is accomplished within each subroutine.

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