4.3 Object Oriented Paradigm

Earlier in this chapter we introduced a number of general concepts underpinning the object oriented paradigm. We discussed objects as self-contained units, each of these units containing data elements, or attributes, and
methods. We now expand our object oriented paradigm as it is applied in most object oriented programming
languages. The term object oriented programming is often abbreviated to OOP in many references; similarly
object oriented is abbreviated using the acronym OO.
Students Learn About:

Object oriented paradigm
  • concepts
    • – classes
    • – objects
    • – attributes
    • – methods/operations
    • – variables and control structures
    • – abstraction
    • – instantiation
    • – inheritance
    • – polymorphism
    • – encapsulation
  • language syntax
    • – classes
    • – objects
    • – attributes
    • – methods/operations
    • – variables and control structures
  • appropriate use, such as
    • – computer games
    • – web-based database applications



Students Learn To:

  • recognise representative fragments of code written using the object oriented paradigm (see Course Specifications document)
  • recognise the use of the object oriented concepts in code
  • interpret a fragment of code written using the object oriented paradigm, and identify and correct logic errors
  • modify fragments of code written using the object oriented paradigm to incorporate changed requirements
  • code and test appropriate solutions in a language using the object oriented paradigm 
  • assess the appropriateness of a software solution written using the object oriented paradigm against a solution written using the imperative approach
Pre-Class Video's
Watch the following videos to get a good understanding of the concepts

Object Oriented 1 - Introduction.mp4


Object Oriented 2 - Objects.mp4


Object Oriented 3 Classes.mp4


Class
  • The definition of a category of objects. The class defines all the common attributes and methods of the different objects that belong to it.

Object Oriented 4 - abstraction.mp4

Abstraction -
  • Focus on the Essentials
  • Ignore the irrelevant
  • Ignore the unimportant
  • Abstraction involves designing classes so they are reduced to their only necessary properties and behaviours. 
  • The process of designing classes so they are reduced to their necessary attributes and methods.

Object Oriented 5 - Encapsulation.mp4


Encapsulation -
  • "Information Hiding"
  • The process of hiding an object’s data and processes from its environment. Only the object can alter its own data.
  • Encapsulation means the value of data (attributes) of an object can only be altered by that object’s methods.

Object Oriented 6 - Inheritance.mp4


Inheritance -
  • Inheritance involves basing a class upon another class, where the child class inherits all the properties and behaviours of the parent class. 
  • The ability of objects to take on the characteristics of their parent class or classes.
  • Inheritance encourages modularity and robust code.

Object Oriented 7 - Polymorphism.mp4


Polymorphism
  • The ability to appear in many forms.
  • In OOP this means at runtime a method can process data differently depending on the circumstances.

Introduction to the main concepts involved with the Object Oriented paradigm - Notes

Below is a much more detailed description of the paradigm with worked examples in Java. 
If you are familiar with Java you should be able to follow this quite easily.


Object Oriented Paradigm explained using java



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